Rules:   The Future Tense:add ‘-uva’ to the end of the verb. A-stems drop.Plurals in ‘-r’   The Aorist Tense:(continuing action or natural truth) A-stems receive no end. Forprimary verbs, the ending ‘-i-’ is added but is changed to ‘-e’ if no ending is to beadded.   The Perfect Tense:Add the stem vowel to the beginning of the verb. Extend the stem vowel. Add theending ‘-ië.’ A-stems drop. Mat becomes amátië.   Infinitive: A-stemsstay the same as root. Primary verbs add an ‘-ë’ to the end. (not plural) When taking Object pronouns, the ending changesto ‘-ita.’   Negative Verb:  not to do, not to be   umin (aorist 1st person) – I am not/do not úmë (past tense) - was not/ did not umir (plural aorist) - are not/ did not úmer (plural past) – were not/ did not úva (future) – will not be / will not do úma (present tense) is not/does not úvar (future plural) –will not be/will not do umar (present plural) are not /does not   Pronouns: 1stperson = ‘-n(yë)’        2nd= ‘l(yë)’       3rd = ‘ntë’ (they) ‘-t’ (them) ‘-s’ (it)   Active Participle: Lengthenstem vowel, add ‘-la.’ (not plural)   Passive Participle:Extend stem-vowel, add ‘-na’if it’s not illegal. Add ‘-ina’ if it ends in a, c,p, or t   Adverbs: add ‘-vë.’ E endings become ‘-ivë.’   Intransitive verbsin –ya: in the past tense, the ‘ya’drops   Vocabulary:   enquë"six" ilya,noun/adjective "all, every" rimba,adjective "numerous", here used for "many" Atan"Man" (Mortal Man) ohtar"warrior" rá(ráv-)"lion" Ambar"the world" hrávë"flesh" macil"sword" fir-,verb "die, expire" tur-, verb "govern, control,wield" or,preposition "over, above"   otso"seven" seldo"boy" mól"thrall, slave" an"for" ("since, because") tul- verb "come" lanta- verb "fall" nurta- verb "hide" lerya- verb "release, (set) free,let go" metya- verb "end" = "putan end to" roita- verb "pursue" laita- verb "bless, praise" imbëpreposition "between"   tolto "eight" pol- "to be(physically) able to", normally translated "can" um-negative verb "not to do" or "not to be", past tense úmë, future tense úva mer- "to wish,want" hlar- "to hear" verya- "to dare" lelya- "to go, proceed,travel", past tense lendë, perfect [e]lendië pusta- "to stop" ruhta- "to terrify, toscare coa "house" (building only) mir preposition "into" ter preposition "through" (also terë)   nertë"nine" núra"deep" anwa"real, actual, true" nulda"secret" telda"final" linta"swift" nórë"land" (a land associated witha particular people) lambë"tongue = language" (not bodypart) car- "to make, todo" farya- "to suffice, to be enough", pa.t.farnë (NOT **faryanë) vepreposition "as, like"